īetween the establishment of the National Legionary State (September 1940) and 1942, 80 anti-Jewish regulations were passed.
By 1900 there were 250,000 Romanian Jews: 3.3% of the population, 14.6% of the city dwellers, 32% of the Moldavian urban population and 42% of Iași. The emigration of Romanian Jews on a larger scale commenced soon after 1878. During his first years in office (1875) Brătianu reinforced and applied old discrimination laws, insisting that Jews were not allowed to settle in the countryside (and relocating those that had done so), while declaring many Jewish urban inhabitants to be vagrants and expelling them from the country. Īntisemitism was officially enforced under the premierships of Ion Brătianu. In the 1860s, there was another riot motivated by blood libel accusations. During the Greek War of Independence, which signalled the Wallachian uprising of 1821, Jews were victims of pogroms and persecutions. Massacres and pillages were perpetrated in almost every town and village in the country. ĭuring the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774, the Jews in the Danubian Principalities had to endure great hardships. An anti-Jewish riot occurred in Bucharest in the 1760s. The first blood libel in Moldavia (and, as such, in Romania) was made in 1710, when the Jews of Târgu Neamț were charged with having killed a Christian child for ritual purposes. The authorities decided in 16 that Jews have to wear clothing evidencing their status and ethnicity. During the reign of Peter the Lame (1574–1579) the Jews of Moldavia, mainly traders from Poland who were competing with locals, were taxed and ultimately expelled. Jewish communities existed in Romanian territory in the 2nd century AD, after Roman annexation of Dacia in 106 AD. The latter, coupled with successive waves of aliyah, has accounted for a dramatic decrease in the overall size of Romania's present-day Jewish community.
A diverse community, albeit an overwhelmingly urban one, Jews were a target of religious persecution and racism in Romanian society – from the late-19th century debate over the " Jewish Question" and the Jewish residents' right to citizenship, to the genocide carried out in the lands of Romania as part of the Holocaust. Minimal until the 18th century, the size of the Jewish population increased after around 1850, and more especially after the establishment of Greater Romania in the aftermath of World War I. The history of the Jews in Romania concerns the Jews both of Romania and of Romanian origins, from their first mention on what is present-day Romanian territory.
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